---
title: All that saw him were grieved at heart, and said one to the other, “… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: All that saw him were grieved at heart, and said one to the other, “By Christ, ’tis great pity that one of such noble life should be lost! Who acts: that, Christ. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 63

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All that saw him were grieved at heart, and said one to the other, “By Christ, ’tis great pity that one of such noble life should be lost!

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**Who acts:** that, Christ · **What happens:** see, grieve, say, lose · **To what, where:** Sir, heart, one, other, tis great pity · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, Christ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:3:63
# text = All that saw him were grieved at heart, and said one to the other, “By Christ, ’tis great pity that one of such noble life should be lost!
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	grieved	grieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	By	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Christ	Christ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	’	'	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	tis	tis	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	appos	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	noble	noble	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
31	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | that |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **grieve** | past · passive |  | Sir |  | heart |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **say** *speech: express* | past |  | one | the other |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent one=Topic to other=Recipient |
| 4 | **lose** *in a quote* | should · passive | Christ | tis great pity |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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