---
title: Many a cliff did he climb in that unknown land, where afar from his… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Many a cliff did he climb in that unknown land, where afar from his friends he rode as a stranger. Who acts: Many cliff, Sir. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 78

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Many a cliff did he climb in that unknown land, where afar from his friends he rode as a stranger.

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**Who acts:** Many cliff, Sir · **What happens:** climb, ride · **To what, where:** unknown land, friends

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many cliff, Sir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:3:78
# text = Many a cliff did he climb in that unknown land, where afar from his friends he rode as a stranger.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
9	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
13	afar	afar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	stranger	stranger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past · do-support | a Many cliff |  |  | that unknown land |  | cliff *nsubj* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Trajectory |
| 2 | **ride** | past | Sir | Sir's friends *not said here* |  |  |  | as a stranger | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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