---
title: Had he not been a doughty knight, enduring, and of well-proved valou… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Had he not been a doughty knight, enduring, and of well-proved valour, doubtless he had been slain, for he was oft in danger of death. Who acts: Sir. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3, with 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 3, sentence 82

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Had he not been a doughty knight, enduring, and of well-proved valour, doubtless he had been slain, for he was oft in danger of death.

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**Who acts:** Sir · **What happens:** have, not be, endure, prove, be · **To what, where:** doughty knight, slain, danger

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:3:82
# text = Had he not been a doughty knight, enduring, and of well-proved valour, doubtless he had been slain, for he was oft in danger of death.
1	Had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	doughty	doughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	enduring	endure	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	proved	prove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
16	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	doubtless	doubtless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	cop	_	_
22	slain	slain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | participle | Sir | a doughty knight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **endure** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **prove** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | past · perfect | Sir | slain |  |  |  | of proved valour and doubtless | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | past | Sir |  |  | danger of death |  | oft *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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