---
title: When Gawain beheld that fair lady, who looked at him graciously, wit… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: When Gawain beheld that fair lady, who looked at him graciously, with leave of the lord he went towards them, and, bowing low, he greeted the elder, but the younger and fairer he took lightly in his arms, and kissed her courteously, and greeted her in knightly wise. Who acts: Gawain, fair lady, youn
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 4, sentence 57

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When Gawain beheld that fair lady, who looked at him graciously, with leave of the lord he went towards them, and, bowing low, he greeted the elder, but the younger and fairer he took lightly in his arms, and kissed her courteously, and greeted her in knightly wise.

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**Who acts:** Gawain, fair lady, younger · **What happens:** behold, look, go, bow, greet, take · **To what, where:** fair lady, lord, elder, arms, lady, knightly wise

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gawain, fair lady, younger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:4:57
# text = When Gawain beheld that fair lady, who looked at him graciously, with leave of the lord he went towards them, and, bowing low, he greeted the elder, but the younger and fairer he took lightly in his arms, and kissed her courteously, and greeted her in knightly wise.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	Gawain	Gawain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	graciously	graciously	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	bowing	bow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
27	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	greeted	greet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
34	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	40	nsubj	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	fairer	fair	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	36	conj	_	_
39	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
41	lightly	lightly	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	conj	_	_
48	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
49	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	greeted	greet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	conj	_	_
53	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	obj	_	_
54	in	in	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	knightly	knightly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | Gawain | fair lady |  |  |  | with leave of the lord | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lady=Stimulus |
| 2 | **look** | past | fair lady |  |  |  |  | at Gawain; graciously *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | Gawain | the lord *not said here* |  |  |  | towards folds *= fold* | tree rules |
| 4 | **bow** | gerund | Gawain *not said here* |  |  |  |  | low *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **greet** *speech: greet* | past | Gawain | the elder |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elder=Theme |
| 6 | **take** | past | the younger |  |  | Gawain's arms |  | Gawain *nsubj*; lightly *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in arm=Location |
| 7 | **kiss** | past | the younger *not said here* |  |  |  |  | courteously *property* | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **greet** *speech: greet* | past | Gawain *not said here* |  | lady | knightly wise |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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