---
title: Then with gay talk and merry jest they arose, and stood, and spoke s… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then with gay talk and merry jest they arose, and stood, and spoke softly, and kissed courteously, and took leave of each other. Who acts: talk. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 5, with its d
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 5, sentence 8

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Then with gay talk and merry jest they arose, and stood, and spoke softly, and kissed courteously, and took leave of each other.

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**Who acts:** talk · **What happens:** arise, stand, speak, kiss, take · **To what, where:** leave · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (talk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:5:8
# text = Then with gay talk and merry jest they arose, and stood, and spoke softly, and kissed courteously, and took leave of each other.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	gay	gay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	jest	jest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
16	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
20	courteously	courteously	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
24	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	nmod	_	_
27	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | talk |  |  |  | then | with gay talk and merry jest | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | past | talk *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | talk *not said here* |  |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **kiss** | past | talk *not said here* |  |  |  |  | courteously *property* | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **take** | past | talk *not said here* | leave of each |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leave=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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