--- title: Then the boar leapt upon the knight so that beast and man were one a… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics description: Then the boar leapt upon the knight so that beast and man were one atop of the other in the water; but the boar had the worst of it, for the man had marked, even as he sprang, and set the point of his brand to the beast’s chest, and drove it up to the hilt, so that the heart was split in twain, and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Mid…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/) / [Opening, part 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/) / 31 # Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 6, sentence 31 Then the boar leapt upon the knight so that beast and man were one atop of the other in the water; but the boar had the worst of it, for the man had marked, even as he sprang, and set the point of his brand to the beast’s chest, and drove it up to the hilt, so that the heart was split in twain, and the boar fell snarling, and was swept down by the water to where a hundred hounds seized on him, and the men drew him to shore for the dogs to slay. **Who acts:** boar, beast, man, water, men, dogs · **What happens:** leapt, be, have, mark, spring, set · **To what, where:** one atop, worst, man, point, beast, hilt This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boar, beast, man, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66084:6:31 # text = Then the boar leapt upon the knight so that beast and man were one atop of the other in the water; but the boar had the worst of it, for the man had marked, even as he sprang, and set the point of his brand to the beast’s chest, and drove it up to the hilt, so that the heart was split in twain, and the boar fell snarling, and was swept down by the water to where a hundred hounds seized on him, and the men drew him to shore for the dogs to slay. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 boar boar NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 leapt leapt VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 upon upon ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 knight knight NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 so so SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 9 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 10 det _ _ 10 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 13 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 14 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 15 atop atop NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 advcl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 nmod _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 but but CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 boar boar NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 worst bad ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 26 obj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 for for SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 marked mark VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 38 even even ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 39 as as SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 40 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 sprang spring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 set set VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 advcl _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 point point NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ _ 47 of of ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 48 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ _ 49 brand brand NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 nmod _ _ 50 to to ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 beast beast NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 53 ’s 's PART POS _ 52 case _ _ 54 chest chest NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 56 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 57 drove drive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 58 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 57 obj _ _ 59 up up ADP RP _ 57 compound:prt _ _ 60 to to ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 62 hilt hilt NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 63 , , PUNCT , _ 69 punct _ _ 64 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 69 mark _ _ 65 that that SCONJ IN _ 64 fixed _ _ 66 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 67 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 69 nsubj:pass _ _ 68 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 69 aux:pass _ _ 69 split split VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 57 parataxis _ _ 70 in in ADP IN _ 71 case _ _ 71 twain twain NOUN NN Number=Sing 69 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 72 , , PUNCT , _ 76 punct _ _ 73 and and CCONJ CC _ 76 cc _ _ 74 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 75 det _ _ 75 boar boar NOUN NN Number=Sing 76 nsubj _ _ 76 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 77 snarling snarl VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 76 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 78 , , PUNCT , _ 81 punct _ _ 79 and and CCONJ CC _ 81 cc _ _ 80 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 81 aux:pass _ _ 81 swept sweep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 76 conj _ _ 82 down down ADP RP _ 81 compound:prt _ _ 83 by by ADP IN _ 85 case _ _ 84 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 85 det _ _ 85 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 81 obl _ _ 86 to to ADP IN _ 87 case _ _ 87 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 81 obl _ _ 88 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 89 det _ _ 89 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 90 nummod _ _ 90 hounds hound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 87 nsubj _ _ 91 seized seize VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 90 acl _ _ 92 on on ADP IN _ 93 case _ _ 93 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 91 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 94 , , PUNCT , _ 98 punct _ _ 95 and and CCONJ CC _ 98 cc _ _ 96 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 97 det _ _ 97 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 98 nsubj _ _ 98 drew draw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 99 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 98 obj _ _ 100 to to PART TO _ 101 mark _ _ 101 shore shore NOUN NN Number=Sing 98 obl _ _ 102 for for SCONJ IN _ 106 mark _ _ 103 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 104 det _ _ 104 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 106 nsubj _ _ 105 to to PART TO _ 106 mark _ _ 106 slay slay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 101 acl _ SpaceAfter=No 107 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **leapt** | past | the boar | | | | then | upon the knight | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | past | that beast and man | one atop | | | | of the other in the water | tree rules | | 3 | **have** | past | the boar | the worst of beast | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bad=Patient | | 4 | **mark** | past · perfect · passive | | the man | | | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | | 5 | **spring** | past | man | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **set** | infinitive | man *not said here* | the point of man's brand | | | | to the beast's chest | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient point=Result | | 7 | **drive up** | past | the boar *not said here* | beast | | the hilt | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme to hilt=Trajectory | | 8 | **split** | past · passive | | the heart | | twain | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 9 | **fall** | past | the boar | | | | | | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | | 10 | **snarl** | gerund | the boar *not said here* | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **sweep down** | past · passive | the water | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to where=Destination | | 12 | **seize** | participle | | hundred hounds *not said here* | | | | on man | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 13 | **draw** | past | the men | boar | | | | shore *obl* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 14 | **slay** | to-infinitive | the dogs | | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 15 | **point** | | | man's brand | | | | | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient | | 16 | **brand** | | man | | | | | | nom brand «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/30/) - next →: [sentence 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/32/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66084/6/)