---
title: Then the lord drew out his shining brand, and cast it at the beast,… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the lord drew out his shining brand, and cast it at the beast, and the fox swerved aside for the sharp edge, and would have doubled back, but a hound was on him ere he might turn, and right before the horse’s feet they all fell on him, and worried him fiercely, snarling the while. Who acts: lor
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 13

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Then the lord drew out his shining brand, and cast it at the beast, and the fox swerved aside for the sharp edge, and would have doubled back, but a hound was on him ere he might turn, and right before the horse’s feet they all fell on him, and worried him fiercely, snarling the while.

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**Who acts:** lord, fox, hound, hounds · **What happens:** draw out, shine, cast, swerve, double back, be · **To what, where:** shining brand, brand, beast, feet, lord

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord, fox, hound, hounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:7:13
# text = Then the lord drew out his shining brand, and cast it at the beast, and the fox swerved aside for the sharp edge, and would have doubled back, but a hound was on him ere he might turn, and right before the horse’s feet they all fell on him, and worried him fiercely, snarling the while.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	brand	brand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	swerved	swerve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
21	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux	_	_
30	doubled	double	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
31	back	back	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
33	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	hound	hound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
37	on	on	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obl	_	_
39	ere	ere	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
41	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
45	right	right	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
46	before	before	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	’s	's	PART	POS	_	48	case	_	_
50	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
51	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	nsubj	_	_
52	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	53	advmod	_	_
53	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	50	acl:relcl	_	_
54	on	on	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
58	worried	worry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
59	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	obj	_	_
60	fiercely	fiercely	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	62	punct	_	_
62	snarling	snarl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	58	advcl	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw out** | past | the lord | lord's shining brand |  |  | then | the horse's feet *conj* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brand=Theme |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cast** | past | the lord *not said here* | brand |  | the beast |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme at beast=Destination |
| 4 | **swerve** | past | the fox |  |  |  |  | for the sharp edge; aside *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **double back** | would · perfect | the fox *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **is** | might · past | a hound |  |  |  |  | fox *nsubj*; ere, turn *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **fall** | past | hounds *= hound* | the horse's feet *not said here* |  |  |  | on lord | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient foot=Result |
| 8 | **worry** | past | the lord *not said here* | lord |  |  |  | fiercely *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 9 | **snarl** | gerund | the lord *not said here* |  |  |  | while |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 10 | **brand** |  | lord |  |  |  |  |  | nom brand «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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