---
title: Then the lord leapt from his saddle, and caught the fox from their j… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the lord leapt from his saddle, and caught the fox from their jaws, and held it aloft over his head, and hallooed loudly, and the hunters hied them thither, blowing their horns; all that bare bugles blew them at once, and all the others shouted. ’ Who acts: lord leapt, hunters, that, bare bugle
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 14

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Then the lord leapt from his saddle, and caught the fox from their jaws, and held it aloft over his head, and hallooed loudly, and the hunters hied them thither, blowing their horns; all that bare bugles blew them at once, and all the others shouted. ’

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**Who acts:** lord leapt, hunters, that, bare bugles, others · **What happens:** catch, hold, halloo, hie, blow, bugle · **To what, where:** fox, jaws, saddle, hounds, horns

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord leapt, hunters, that, bare bugles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:7:14
# text = Then the lord leapt from his saddle, and caught the fox from their jaws, and held it aloft over his head, and hallooed loudly, and the hunters hied them thither, blowing their horns; all that bare bugles blew them at once, and all the others shouted. ’
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	leapt	leapt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
21	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	hallooed	halloo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
27	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
32	hied	hie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
33	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	thither	thither	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	32	advcl	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
40	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	43	det	_	_
41	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	43	nsubj	_	_
42	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	bugles	bugle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nsubj	_	_
44	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
45	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	obj	_	_
46	at	at	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	44	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
50	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	52	det:predet	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	nsubj	_	_
53	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
55	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | the lord leapt from leapt's saddle | the fox |  | hounds's jaws | then |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent fox=Theme from jaw=Source |
| 2 | **hold** | past | the lord leapt from leapt's saddle *not said here* | saddle |  |  |  | aloft *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **halloo** | past | the lord leapt from leapt's saddle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **hie** | past | the hunters | hounds *= hound* |  |  |  | thither *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **blow** | gerund | the hunters *not said here* | hounds's horns |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent horn=Patient |
| 6 | **bugle** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **blow** | past | all bare bugles | hounds *= hound* |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 8 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | all others |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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