---
title: The lord was gladsome at his return, and found a bright fire on the… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: The lord was gladsome at his return, and found a bright fire on the hearth, and the knight beside it, the good Sir Gawain, who was in joyous mood for the pleasure he had had with the ladies. Who acts: lord, knight, Sir. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Roman
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 18

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The lord was gladsome at his return, and found a bright fire on the hearth, and the knight beside it, the good Sir Gawain, who was in joyous mood for the pleasure he had had with the ladies.

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**Who acts:** lord, knight, Sir · **What happens:** be, find, have, return · **To what, where:** return, bright fire, hearth, joyous mood, pleasure

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lord, knight, Sir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:7:18
# text = The lord was gladsome at his return, and found a bright fire on the hearth, and the knight beside it, the good Sir Gawain, who was in joyous mood for the pleasure he had had with the ladies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	gladsome	gladsome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hearth	hearth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
21	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	Sir	Sir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
27	Gawain	Gawain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
29	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	joyous	joyous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
38	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
39	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	36	acl:relcl	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lord |  |  | lord's return |  | the knight beside hearth and the good Sir and joyous mood *parataxis*; gladsome *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past |  | a bright fire |  | the hearth |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | past | the knight beside hearth and the good Sir and joyous mood |  |  | joyous mood |  | for the pleasure | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | past · perfect | Sir | the pleasure *not said here* |  |  |  | with the ladies | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pleasure=Patient |
| 5 | **return** |  | lord |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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