---
title: Now the New Year drew nigh, and the night passed, and the day chased… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the New Year drew nigh, and the night passed, and the day chased the darkness, as is God’s will; but wild weather wakened therewith. Who acts: New Year, night, day, wild weather. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 41

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Now the New Year drew nigh, and the night passed, and the day chased the darkness, as is God’s will; but wild weather wakened therewith.

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**Who acts:** New Year, night, day, wild weather · **What happens:** draw, pass, chase, be, waken · **To what, where:** darkness

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (New Year, night, day, wild weather), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:7:41
# text = Now the New Year drew nigh, and the night passed, and the day chased the darkness, as is God’s will; but wild weather wakened therewith.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	chased	chase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
22	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’s	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	wakened	waken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
30	therewith	therewith	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | the New Year |  |  |  | now | nigh *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pass** | past | the night |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **chase** | past | the day | the darkness |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent darkness=Theme |
| 4 | **be** | present | the day *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **waken** | participle | wild weather |  |  |  |  | therewith *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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