---
title: The clouds cast the cold to the earth, with enough of the north to s… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: The clouds cast the cold to the earth, with enough of the north to slay them that lacked clothing. Who acts: clouds, enough north. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 42

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The clouds cast the cold to the earth, with enough of the north to slay them that lacked clothing.

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**Who acts:** clouds, enough north · **What happens:** cast, slay, lack · **To what, where:** cold, earth, clouds, clothing

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (clouds, enough north), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:7:42
# text = The clouds cast the cold to the earth, with enough of the north to slay them that lacked clothing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cast	cast	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	lacked	lack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
20	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | present | the clouds | the cold |  | the earth |  | the enough north *parataxis* | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent cold=Theme to earth=Destination |
| 2 | **slay** | to-infinitive | the clouds *not said here* | clouds *= cloud* |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **lack** | past | the enough north | clothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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