---
title: Both hauberk and plates were well burnished, the rings of the rich b… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Both hauberk and plates were well burnished, the rings of the rich byrny freed from rust, and all as fresh as at first, so that the knight was fain to thank them. Who acts: knight. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L.
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 49

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Both hauberk and plates were well burnished, the rings of the rich byrny freed from rust, and all as fresh as at first, so that the knight was fain to thank them.

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**Who acts:** knight · **What happens:** burnish, free, be, thank · **To what, where:** hauberk, rich byrny, rust

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:7:49
# text = Both hauberk and plates were well burnished, the rings of the rich byrny freed from rust, and all as fresh as at first, so that the knight was fain to thank them.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	hauberk	hauberk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	byrny	byrny	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	freed	free	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	rust	rust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	nsubj	_	_
21	as	as	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	fain	fain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	thank	thank	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	advcl	_	_
35	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burnish** | past · passive |  | both hauberk and plates |  |  |  | the rings of the rich byrny *obl*; well *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **free** | participle |  | the rich byrny *not said here* |  | rust |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 3 | **is** | past | the knight |  |  |  |  | fain *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **thank** *speech: thank* | to-infinitive | the knight *not said here* |  | hauberk |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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