---
title: Naught fell from the heavens, but ’twas ill beneath them; mist brood… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Naught fell from the heavens, but ’twas ill beneath them; mist brooded over the moor and hung on the mountains; each hill had a cap, a great cloak, of mist. Who acts: Naught, mist, hill. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jes
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 7, sentence 66

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Naught fell from the heavens, but ’twas ill beneath them; mist brooded over the moor and hung on the mountains; each hill had a cap, a great cloak, of mist.

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**Who acts:** Naught, mist, hill · **What happens:** fall, brood, hang, have · **To what, where:** heavens, moor, mountains, cap

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Naught, mist, hill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:7:66
# text = Naught fell from the heavens, but ’twas ill beneath them; mist brooded over the moor and hung on the mountains; each hill had a cap, a great cloak, of mist.
1	Naught	naught	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	twas	twa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	brooded	brood	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	moor	moor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	hung	hang	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
26	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	cloak	cloak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	mist	mist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Naught |  |  | the heavens |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from heaven=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **brood** | past | mist |  |  | the moor |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hang** | participle | mist *not said here* |  |  | the mountains |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on mountain=Location |
| 4 | **have** | past | each hill | a cap and a great cloak |  |  |  | of mist | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cap=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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