---
title: Helmet on head and lance in hand, he came up to the rough dwelling,… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Helmet on head and lance in hand, he came up to the rough dwelling, when he heard over the high hill beyond the brook, as it were in a bank, a wondrous fierce noise, that rang in the cliff as if it would cleave asunder. ’ Who acts: Helmet, luck, wondrous fierce noise. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and t
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 12

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Helmet on head and lance in hand, he came up to the rough dwelling, when he heard over the high hill beyond the brook, as it were in a bank, a wondrous fierce noise, that rang in the cliff as if it would cleave asunder. ’

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**Who acts:** Helmet, luck, wondrous fierce noise · **What happens:** come up, hear, be, ring, cleave · **To what, where:** rough dwelling, high hill, bank, wondrous fierce noise, cliff, asunder

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Helmet, luck, wondrous fierce noise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:8:12
# text = Helmet on head and lance in hand, he came up to the rough dwelling, when he heard over the high hill beyond the brook, as it were in a bank, a wondrous fierce noise, that rang in the cliff as if it would cleave asunder. ’
1	Helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	up	up	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	dwelling	dwelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	brook	brook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
30	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
36	wondrous	wondrous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
37	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	41	nsubj	_	_
41	rang	ring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	acl:relcl	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
46	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	49	mark	_	_
47	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
48	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
49	cleave	cleave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	advcl	_	_
50	asunder	asunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
52	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come up** | past | Helmet on head and lance in hand |  |  | the rough dwelling |  | luck *nsubj* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to dwelling=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **hear** | past | luck |  |  | the high hill |  | beyond the brook | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | past | Helmet |  |  | a bank and a wondrous fierce noise |  | a wondrous fierce noise *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **ring** | past | a wondrous fierce noise | a wondrous fierce noise *not said here* |  | the cliff |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location noise=Theme |
| 5 | **cleave** | would | Helmet | asunder |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent asunder=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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