---
title: “Have at thee, then,” quoth the other, and heaved aloft the axe with… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: “Have at thee, then,” quoth the other, and heaved aloft the axe with fierce mien, as if he were mad. Who acts: knight. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pra
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 8, sentence 47

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“Have at thee, then,” quoth the other, and heaved aloft the axe with fierce mien, as if he were mad.

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**Who acts:** knight · **What happens:** quoth, heave, be · **To what, where:** other, aloft axe

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (knight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:8:47
# text = “Have at thee, then,” quoth the other, and heaved aloft the axe with fierce mien, as if he were mad.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
9	quoth	quoth	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	heaved	heave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
15	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	mien	mien	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **quoth** | present |  | the other |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **heave** | past |  | the aloft axe |  |  |  | with fierce mien | vn push-12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent axe=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | knight |  |  |  |  | mad *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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