---
title: M. Gaston Paris thinks that the direct source was an Anglo-Norman po… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: M. Gaston Paris thinks that the direct source was an Anglo-Norman poem, now lost. Who acts: M., direct source. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 9, sentence 21

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M. Gaston Paris thinks that the direct source was an Anglo-Norman poem, now lost.

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**Who acts:** M., direct source · **What happens:** think, be, lose · **To what, where:** Norman poem · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (M., direct source), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:9:21
# text = M. Gaston Paris thinks that the direct source was an Anglo-Norman poem, now lost.
1	M.	M.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Gaston	Gaston	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	Anglo	Anglo	X	AFX	_	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Norman	norman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | M. |  |  |  |  | Paris *nsubj* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the direct source | a Norman poem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  | a Norman poem *not said here* |  |  | now |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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