---
title: Two mediæval romances, the _Mule sans Frein_ (French) and _Diu Krône… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: Two mediæval romances, the _Mule sans Frein_ (French) and _Diu Krône_ (German), again attribute it to Gawain; while the continuator of Chrétien de Troye’s _Conte del Graal_ gives as hero a certain Carados, whom he represents as Arthur’s nephew; and the prose _Perceval_ has Lancelot. Who acts: Mule, 
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 9, sentence 26

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Two mediæval romances, the \_Mule sans Frein\_ (French) and \_Diu Krône\_ (German), again attribute it to Gawain; while the continuator of Chrétien de Troye’s \_Conte del Graal\_ gives as hero a certain Carados, whom he represents as Arthur’s nephew; and the prose \_Perceval\_ has Lancelot.

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**Who acts:** Mule, Diu Krône, Conte, prose · **What happens:** san, attribute, give, represent, have · **To what, where:** Frein, Mule, Gawain, hero, certain Carados, Lancelot

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mule, Diu Krône, Conte, prose), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:9:26
# text = Two mediæval romances, the _Mule sans Frein_ (French) and _Diu Krône_ (German), again attribute it to Gawain; while the continuator of Chrétien de Troye’s _Conte del Graal_ gives as hero a certain Carados, whom he represents as Arthur’s nephew; and the prose _Perceval_ has Lancelot.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	mediæval	mediæval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	romances	romance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Mule	mule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sans	san	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	Frein	Frein	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
15	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Diu	Diu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	Krône	Krône	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	17	punct	_	_
19	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	again	again	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	attribute	attribute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obj	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Gawain	Gawain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
29	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	continuator	continuator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod:poss	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Chrétien	Chrétien	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	de	de	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	flat	_	_
35	Troye	Troye	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	’s	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
37	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	Conte	Conte	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
39	del	del	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	Graal	Graal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	38	punct	_	_
42	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
43	as	as	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	iobj	_	_
45	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	Carados	Carados	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	51	obj	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj	_	_
51	represents	represent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	47	acl:relcl	_	_
52	as	as	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	55	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	’s	's	PART	POS	_	53	case	_	_
55	nephew	nephew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	63	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	63	cc	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	nsubj	_	_
60	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	63	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	Perceval	Perceval	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	_	_	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	61	flat	_	_
63	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
64	Lancelot	Lancelot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **san** | present | the Mule | Frein |  |  |  | French *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **attribute** | infinitive | Diu Krône | Mule | Gawain |  | again |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | present | the continuator of Chrétien's Conte |  | hero |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hero=Theme |
| 4 | **represent** | present | Conte | a certain Carados |  |  |  | as Arthur's nephew | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent whom=Theme as nephew=Attribute |
| 5 | **have** | present | the prose | Lancelot |  |  |  | Perceval *nsubj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lancelot=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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