---
title: In a later version of our story, a poem, written in ballad form, and… — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-Englis… · tree and pragmatics
description: In a later version of our story, a poem, written in ballad form, and contained in the “Percy” MS., Morgain does not appear; her place is taken by an old witch, mother to the lady, but the enchantment is still due to her spells. Who acts: Morgain, old witch, enchantment. A sentence of «Sir Gawain and
---

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# Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose, Opening, part 9, sentence 81

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In a later version of our story, a poem, written in ballad form, and contained in the “Percy” MS., Morgain does not appear; her place is taken by an old witch, mother to the lady, but the enchantment is still due to her spells.

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**Who acts:** Morgain, old witch, enchantment · **What happens:** write, contain, not appear, take, be · **To what, where:** poem, ballad form, Percy, place

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This is a sentence of «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Morgain, old witch, enchantment), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66084:9:81
# text = In a later version of our story, a poem, written in ballad form, and contained in the “Percy” MS., Morgain does not appear; her place is taken by an old witch, mother to the lady, but the enchantment is still due to her spells.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	ballad	ballad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	contained	contain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	parataxis	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Percy	Percy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
24	MS.	MS.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	Morgain	Morgain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
27	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
29	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
35	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
40	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	conj	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
45	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	enchantment	enchantment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nsubj	_	_
48	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	53	cop	_	_
49	still	still	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	_
50	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	53	case	_	_
51	to	to	ADP	IN	_	50	fixed	_	_
52	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	53	nmod:poss	_	_
53	spells	spell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a poem in a later version of our story but Morgain's spells *not said here* |  | ballad form |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in form=Destination |
| 2 | **contain** | participle |  |  |  | the Percy |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in percy=Location |
| 3 | **not** **appear** | present · do-support | Morgain |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | present · passive | a old witch and mother to the lady | Morgain's place |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | present | the enchantment |  |  |  | still | due Morgain's spells; Morgain *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Middle-English Arthurian Romance Retold in Modern Prose» by Jessie L. Weston, Project Gutenberg book 66084 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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