---
title: The Hawaiian language papers since 1835, Fornander’s Polynesian Rese… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The Hawaiian language papers since 1835, Fornander’s Polynesian Researches, and many of the old Hawaiians have been of great assistance in searching for these “fragments of Hawaiian history,” now set forth in this book. Who acts: Polynesian, old Hawaiians, great assistance. A sentence of «Hawaiian H
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Opening, sentence 17

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The Hawaiian language papers since 1835, Fornander’s Polynesian Researches, and many of the old Hawaiians have been of great assistance in searching for these “fragments of Hawaiian history,” now set forth in this book.

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**Who acts:** Polynesian, old Hawaiians, great assistance · **What happens:** research, be, search, set · **To what, where:** many, great assistance, book, Hawaiian language papers

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polynesian, old Hawaiians, great assistance), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:1:17
# text = The Hawaiian language papers since 1835, Fornander’s Polynesian Researches, and many of the old Hawaiians have been of great assistance in searching for these “fragments of Hawaiian history,” now set forth in this book.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	since	since	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1835	1835	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	Fornander	Fornander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’s	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	Polynesian	Polynesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	Researches	research	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
20	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	cop	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
24	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	searching	search	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	29	det	_	_
28	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	fragments	fragment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
35	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	36	advmod	_	_
36	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
37	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	40	det	_	_
40	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **research** | present | Fornander's Polynesian | many |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present · perfect | the old Hawaiians |  |  |  |  | of great assistance | tree rules |
| 3 | **search** | gerund | great assistance *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for this fragments of Hawaiian history | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for fragment=Theme |
| 4 | **set** | participle |  | great assistance *not said here* |  | this book | now | forth *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in book=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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