---
title: The mountains of Tahiti have been built upward from the floors of th… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The mountains of Tahiti have been built upward from the floors of the ocean until their rugged ravines rise several thousand feet above the surf-washed beach. Who acts: rugged ravines. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Laa From Tahiti, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Laa From Tahiti, sentence 9

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The mountains of Tahiti have been built upward from the floors of the ocean until their rugged ravines rise several thousand feet above the surf-washed beach.

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**Who acts:** rugged ravines · **What happens:** build, rise, wash · **To what, where:** mountains, floors, thousand feet, washed beach

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Laa From Tahiti. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rugged ravines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:10:9
# text = The mountains of Tahiti have been built upward from the floors of the ocean until their rugged ravines rise several thousand feet above the surf-washed beach.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Tahiti	Tahiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	floors	floor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	rugged	rugged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	ravines	ravine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
20	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
23	above	above	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
25	surf	surf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	amod	_	_
28	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · perfect · passive |  | the mountains of Tahiti |  | the floors of the ocean |  | upward *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from floor=Material |
| 2 | **rise** | present | floors's rugged ravines | thousand feet |  | the washed beach |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme |
| 3 | **wash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | surf *compound* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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