---
title: Judge Fornander says: “It is probable that some Spanish galleons pic… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Judge Fornander says: “It is probable that some Spanish galleons picked up Ku and his companions, carried them to Acapulco, Mexico, and brought them back on the return voyage.” Who acts: Judge, Spanish galleons. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners, with 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 108

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Judge Fornander says: “It is probable that some Spanish galleons picked up Ku and his companions, carried them to Acapulco, Mexico, and brought them back on the return voyage.”

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**Who acts:** Judge, Spanish galleons · **What happens:** say, be, pick up, carry, bring back · **To what, where:** Spanish galleons, companions, Acapulco, return voyage · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Judge, Spanish galleons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:11:108
# text = Judge Fornander says: “It is probable that some Spanish galleons picked up Ku and his companions, carried them to Acapulco, Mexico, and brought them back on the return voyage.”
1	Judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Fornander	Fornander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	probable	probable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
11	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	galleons	galleon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
13	picked	pick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	Ku	Ku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	companions	companion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
20	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Acapulco	Acapulco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
29	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	back	back	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Judge |  |  |  |  | probable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **pick up** *in a quote* | participle |  | some Spanish galleons *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **carry** *in a quote* | past | some Spanish galleons | companions *= companion* | Acapulco and Mexico |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to acapulco=Destination |
| 5 | **bring back** *in a quote* | past | some Spanish galleons *not said here* | companions *= companion* |  | the return voyage |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme on voyage=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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