---
title: The Hawaiians received their white visitors as honoured guests, and… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The Hawaiians received their white visitors as honoured guests, and permitted them to marry into noted chief-families. Who acts: Hawaiians. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 21

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The Hawaiians received their white visitors as honoured guests, and permitted them to marry into noted chief-families.

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**Who acts:** Hawaiians · **What happens:** receive, honour, permit, marry, note · **To what, where:** white visitors, Hawaiians, noted chief families

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:11:21
# text = The Hawaiians received their white visitors as honoured guests, and permitted them to marry into noted chief-families.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	honoured	honour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	permitted	permit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	noted	note	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
18	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past | the Hawaiians | Hawaiians's white visitors |  |  |  | as honoured guests | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Theme |
| 2 | **honour** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **permit** | past | the Hawaiians *not said here* | Hawaiians *= hawaiian* |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer they=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **marry** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Hawaiians *not said here* |  |  | noted chief families |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **note** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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