---
title: There seems to be scarcely a trace of the Spanish language or of the… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: There seems to be scarcely a trace of the Spanish language or of the Christian religion as practiced by the Spaniards. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 28

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There seems to be scarcely a trace of the Spanish language or of the Christian religion as practiced by the Spaniards.

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**What happens:** seem, be, practice · **To what, where:** trace

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:11:28
# text = There seems to be scarcely a trace of the Spanish language or of the Christian religion as practiced by the Spaniards.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	scarcely	scarcely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trace	trace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	practiced	practice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Spaniards	Spaniard	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | present |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a trace |  |  |  | of the Spanish language or the Christian religion; scarcely *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **practice** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | the Spaniards *obl:agent* | vn rehearse-26.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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