---
title: Wakalana, a chief, took his outrigger canoe through the surf and res… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Wakalana, a chief, took his outrigger canoe through the surf and rescued them. Who acts: Wakalana. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 39

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Wakalana, a chief, took his outrigger canoe through the surf and rescued them.

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**Who acts:** Wakalana · **What happens:** take, rescue · **To what, where:** outrigger canoe, surf, chiefs

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wakalana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:11:39
# text = Wakalana, a chief, took his outrigger canoe through the surf and rescued them.
1	Wakalana	Wakalana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	outrigger	outrigger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	surf	surf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	rescued	rescue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Wakalana | Wakalana's outrigger canoe |  | the surf |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent canoe=Theme |
| 2 | **rescue** | past | Wakalana *not said here* | chiefs *= chief* |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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