---
title: There are undoubted proofs of the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: There are undoubted proofs of the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands in 1555 by the Spaniard, Juan Gaetano. Who acts: Spaniard. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, First Foreigners, sentence 52

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There are undoubted proofs of the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands in 1555 by the Spaniard, Juan Gaetano.

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**Who acts:** Spaniard · **What happens:** undoubt, proof, discover · **To what, where:** proofs, 1555, discovery, Hawaiian Islands

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, First Foreigners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spaniard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:11:52
# text = There are undoubted proofs of the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands in 1555 by the Spaniard, Juan Gaetano.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	undoubted	undoubt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	proofs	proof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1555	1555	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Spaniard	Spaniard	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	Juan	Juan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Gaetano	Gaetano	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undoubt** | present · passive | the Spaniard and Juan Gaetano | proofs of the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands |  | 1555; there |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **proof** |  |  | the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands |  |  |  |  | nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **discover** |  |  | the Hawaiian Islands |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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