---
title: Here are the sacrifices, the offerings, the living things from the c… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Here are the sacrifices, the offerings, the living things from the chief, from the family, hanging on the shining cloud and the floating land! Who acts: sacrifices. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 130

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Here are the sacrifices, the offerings, the living things from the chief, from the family, hanging on the shining cloud and the floating land!

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**Who acts:** sacrifices · **What happens:** be, hang, shine, float · **To what, where:** shining cloud

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sacrifices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:12:130
# text = Here are the sacrifices, the offerings, the living things from the chief, from the family, hanging on the shining cloud and the floating land!
1	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sacrifices	sacrifice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
21	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	amod	_	_
24	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	floating	float	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	amod	_	_
28	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the sacrifices and the offerings and the living things from the chief and the family |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hang** | gerund | the sacrifices and the offerings and the living things from the chief and the family *not said here* |  |  | the shining cloud and the floating land |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on cloud=Location |
| 3 | **shine** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **float** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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