---
title: These messengers returned and told the king and chiefs about the kin… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: These messengers returned and told the king and chiefs about the kind of men they had seen, what they were doing, their manner of speech, and the death of some of the monsters of the ocean. Who acts: messengers. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook, with its 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 49

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These messengers returned and told the king and chiefs about the kind of men they had seen, what they were doing, their manner of speech, and the death of some of the monsters of the ocean.

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**Who acts:** messengers · **What happens:** return, tell, see, do · **To what, where:** death, king, men, kind · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (messengers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:12:49
# text = These messengers returned and told the king and chiefs about the kind of men they had seen, what they were doing, their manner of speech, and the death of some of the monsters of the ocean.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	22	obj	_	_
20	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	31	nmod	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | this messengers | the death of some of the monsters of the ocean |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | this messengers *not said here* |  | the king and chiefs |  |  | about the kind of men | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent king=Recipient about kind=Topic |
| 3 | **see** | past · perfect | messengers *= messenger* | men *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 4 | **do** | past · progressive | messengers *= messenger* | the kind of men |  |  |  | messengers's manner of speech *obl* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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