---
title: The canoes returned and reported that the chief had been killed by a… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The canoes returned and reported that the chief had been killed by a wai-ki (a rush of smoke like water in a blow-hole). Who acts: canoes, wai ki. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, Captain Cook, sentence 62

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The canoes returned and reported that the chief had been killed by a wai-ki (a rush of smoke like water in a blow-hole).

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**Who acts:** canoes, wai ki · **What happens:** return, report, kill, rush · **To what, where:** chief, smoke, blow hole

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Captain Cook. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (canoes, wai ki), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:12:62
# text = The canoes returned and reported that the chief had been killed by a wai-ki (a rush of smoke like water in a blow-hole).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	wai	wai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	ki	ki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	rush	rush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | the canoes |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **report** | past | the canoes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive | a wai ki | the chief |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 4 | **rush** |  |  | smoke |  | a blow hole |  | like water | nom rush «act transitive»: of=patient like=obl in=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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