---
title: These were “the ivory” of the Islands. — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: These were “the ivory” of the Islands. Who acts: These. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 19

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These were “the ivory” of the Islands.

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**Who acts:** These · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** ivory

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:13:19
# text = These were “the ivory” of the Islands.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ivory	ivory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | These | the ivory |  |  |  | of the Islands | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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