---
title: Kahekili and his ready followers argued that as a slight return for… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Kahekili and his ready followers argued that as a slight return for the royal favour which had been shown to Kahahana in caring for him at court and in permitting his wife to go with him, he could very readily covenant to bestow upon Kahekili all the ivory which might be found on the shores of Oahu.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 25

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Kahekili and his ready followers argued that as a slight return for the royal favour which had been shown to Kahahana in caring for him at court and in permitting his wife to go with him, he could very readily covenant to bestow upon Kahekili all the ivory which might be found on the shores of Oahu.

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**Who acts:** Kahekili · **What happens:** argue, show, care, permit, go, covenant · **To what, where:** royal favour, Kahahana, court, wife, ivory, shores · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kahekili), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:13:25
# text = Kahekili and his ready followers argued that as a slight return for the royal favour which had been shown to Kahahana in caring for him at court and in permitting his wife to go with him, he could very readily covenant to bestow upon Kahekili all the ivory which might be found on the shores of Oahu.
1	Kahekili	Kahekili	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	followers	follower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	argued	argue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	slight	slight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Kahahana	Kahahana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	caring	care	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	advcl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
30	permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	conj	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	advcl	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
39	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
40	very	very	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	readily	readily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	mark	_	_
44	bestow	bestow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	acl	_	_
45	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	Kahekili	Kahekili	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
47	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	49	det:predet	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	ivory	ivory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obj	_	_
50	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	53	nsubj:pass	_	_
51	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	53	aux	_	_
52	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	53	aux:pass	_	_
53	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	49	acl:relcl	_	_
54	on	on	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	shores	shore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	Oahu	Oahu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | past | Kahekili and Kahekili's ready followers |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **show** | past · perfect · passive |  | the royal favour | Kahahana |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to kahahana=Recipient |
| 3 | **care** | gerund |  |  |  | court |  | for Kahekili | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for he=Theme |
| 4 | **permit** | gerund |  | Kahekili's wife |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Theme |
| 5 | **go** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with Kahekili | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with he=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **covenant** | could | Kahekili |  |  |  |  | as a slight return for the royal favour | tree rules |
| 7 | **bestow** | to-infinitive | Kahekili and Kahekili's ready followers *not said here* | all ivory |  |  |  | upon Kahekili | tree rules |
| 8 | **find** | might · passive |  | all ivory |  | the shores of Oahu |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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