---
title: Probably this matter was not presented as the payment of tribute, bu… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Probably this matter was not presented as the payment of tribute, but as a recognition of benefits received, and Kahahana again readily promised the ivory—the gift of the seas. Who acts: recognition, Kahahana. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 26

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Probably this matter was not presented as the payment of tribute, but as a recognition of benefits received, and Kahahana again readily promised the ivory—the gift of the seas.

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**Who acts:** recognition, Kahahana · **What happens:** not present, receive, promise, pay, recognize, gift · **To what, where:** matter, ivory, tribute, benefits, seas

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (recognition, Kahahana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:13:26
# text = Probably this matter was not presented as the payment of tribute, but as a recognition of benefits received, and Kahahana again readily promised the ivory—the gift of the seas.
1	Probably	probably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	presented	present	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	tribute	tribute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	recognition	recognition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	benefits	benefit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	Kahahana	Kahahana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
23	again	again	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	readily	readily	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	ivory	ivory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **present** | past · passive |  | this matter |  |  |  | as the payment of tribute; probably *property* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **receive** | past | a recognition of benefits |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Kahahana | the ivory |  |  | again | readily *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent ivory=Theme |
| 4 | **pay** |  |  | tribute |  |  |  |  | nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **recognize** |  |  | benefits |  |  |  |  | nom recognition «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **gift** |  |  | the seas |  |  |  |  | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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