---
title: Two, or perhaps three, years after this consultation, Kahahana sent… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Two, or perhaps three, years after this consultation, Kahahana sent heavy reinforcements from Oahu to Maui, which aided Kahekili in the complete annihilation of the Alapa Regiment, about eight hundred chiefs, from Hawaii, in the noted “Battle of the Sand-Hills,” near Wailuku. Who acts: years. A sent
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 29

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Two, or perhaps three, years after this consultation, Kahahana sent heavy reinforcements from Oahu to Maui, which aided Kahekili in the complete annihilation of the Alapa Regiment, about eight hundred chiefs, from Hawaii, in the noted “Battle of the Sand-Hills,” near Wailuku.

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**Who acts:** years · **What happens:** send, aid, note, annihilate · **To what, where:** Two three, Oahu, Kahekili, Maui, complete annihilation, Alapa Regiment

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:13:29
# text = Two, or perhaps three, years after this consultation, Kahahana sent heavy reinforcements from Oahu to Maui, which aided Kahekili in the complete annihilation of the Alapa Regiment, about eight hundred chiefs, from Hawaii, in the noted “Battle of the Sand-Hills,” near Wailuku.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	consultation	consultation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Kahahana	Kahahana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
13	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	reinforcements	reinforcement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Oahu	Oahu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Maui	Maui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	aided	aid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
23	Kahekili	Kahekili	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	annihilation	annihilation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Alapa	Alapa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	Regiment	regiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	about	about	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	eight	eight	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	35	compound	_	_
35	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	36	nummod	_	_
36	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	from	from	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
43	noted	note	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	45	amod	_	_
44	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	Battle	Battle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
48	Sand	Sand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	48	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	Hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	45	punct	_	_
53	near	near	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	Wailuku	Wailuku	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | years after this consultation | Two three |  | Oahu |  | heavy reinforcements *obj* | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent reinforcement=Theme from oahu=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **aid** | past |  | Kahekili | Maui | the complete annihilation of the Alapa Regiment and hundred chiefs |  | from Hawaii; in the noted Battle of the Sand Hills near Wailuku; which *nsubj* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kahekili=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **note** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **annihilate** |  |  | the Alapa Regiment and hundred chiefs |  |  |  |  | nom annihilation «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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