---
title: The chiefs had deeply rooted principles of loyalty and honour toward… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The chiefs had deeply rooted principles of loyalty and honour toward each other, and yet the reign of the gods was supreme even while accompanied by a host of burdens such as continual human sacrifices and tabus extremely hard to bear. Who acts: reign. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 77

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The chiefs had deeply rooted principles of loyalty and honour toward each other, and yet the reign of the gods was supreme even while accompanied by a host of burdens such as continual human sacrifices and tabus extremely hard to bear.

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**Who acts:** reign · **What happens:** root, be, accompany, bear · **To what, where:** chiefs

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reign), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:13:77
# text = The chiefs had deeply rooted principles of loyalty and honour toward each other, and yet the reign of the gods was supreme even while accompanied by a host of burdens such as continual human sacrifices and tabus extremely hard to bear.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	rooted	root	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	principles	principle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	honour	honour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nmod	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
16	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	supreme	supreme	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
24	even	even	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	obl	_	_
26	accompanied	accompany	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl:agent	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	burdens	burden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
32	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	36	case	_	_
33	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	fixed	_	_
34	continual	continual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
35	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	sacrifices	sacrifice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	tabus	tabus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
39	extremely	extremely	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	advcl	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **root** | past · perfect · passive |  | the chiefs |  |  |  | principles of loyalty and honour toward each *obj*; deeply *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the reign of the gods |  |  |  | yet | supreme *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **accompany** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | a host of burdens such continual human sacrifices and tabus *obl:agent* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **bear** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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