---
title: He felt his inability to meet his Hawaiian enemies alone, therefore… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He felt his inability to meet his Hawaiian enemies alone, therefore he called for aid from Oahu. Who acts: Hawaii. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, King Kahahana, About 1773, sentence 85

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He felt his inability to meet his Hawaiian enemies alone, therefore he called for aid from Oahu.

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**Who acts:** Hawaii · **What happens:** feel, meet, call · **To what, where:** inability, Hawaiian enemies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, King Kahahana, About 1773. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaii), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:13:85
# text = He felt his inability to meet his Hawaiian enemies alone, therefore he called for aid from Oahu.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	inability	inability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	Hawaiian	hawaiian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
10	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Oahu	Oahu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | Hawaii | Hawaii's inability |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inability=Theme |
| 2 | **meet** | to-infinitive | Hawaii *not said here* | Hawaii's Hawaiian enemies |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **call** | past | Hawaii |  |  |  |  | for aid from Oahu; therefore *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for aid=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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