---
title: The new year dawned—the year known in the civilised world as 1776. — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The new year dawned—the year known in the civilised world as 1776. Who acts: new year. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 135

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The new year dawned—the year known in the civilised world as 1776.

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**Who acts:** new year · **What happens:** dawn, know, civilise · **To what, where:** year, civilised world

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:135
# text = The new year dawned—the year known in the civilised world as 1776.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	dawned	dawn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	civilised	civilise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	1776	1776	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dawn** | past | the new year |  |  |  | year |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  | the year *not said here* |  | the civilised world |  | as 1776 | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as 1776=Attribute |
| 3 | **civilise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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