---
title: They destroyed the villages and drove the terrified defenceless peop… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: They destroyed the villages and drove the terrified defenceless people up the lava cliffs to mountain hiding-places. Who acts: life. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 142

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They destroyed the villages and drove the terrified defenceless people up the lava cliffs to mountain hiding-places.

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**Who acts:** life · **What happens:** destroy, drive up · **To what, where:** villages, terrified defenceless people, mountain hiding places

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (life), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:142
# text = They destroyed the villages and drove the terrified defenceless people up the lava cliffs to mountain hiding-places.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	defenceless	defenceless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
17	hiding	hiding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | life | the villages |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent village=Patient |
| 2 | **drive up** | past | life *not said here* | the terrified defenceless people |  | mountain hiding places |  | the lava cliffs *obl* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent people=Theme to place=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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