---
title: This raid received the name “Kalae-ho-hoa”—“pounded on the forehead”… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: This raid received the name “Kalae-ho-hoa”—“pounded on the forehead”—because, as the records say, “The captives were unmercifully beaten on their heads with war clubs.” Who acts: raid, Kalae, records. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its depen
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 15

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This raid received the name “Kalae-ho-hoa”—“pounded on the forehead”—because, as the records say, “The captives were unmercifully beaten on their heads with war clubs.”

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**Who acts:** raid, Kalae, records · **What happens:** receive, hoa, pound, say, beat · **To what, where:** name, forehead, captives · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raid, Kalae, records), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:15
# text = This raid received the name “Kalae-ho-hoa”—“pounded on the forehead”—because, as the records say, “The captives were unmercifully beaten on their heads with war clubs.”
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	raid	raid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	received	receive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Kalae	Kalae	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	ho	ho	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	hoa	hoa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	pounded	pound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	forehead	forehead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	records	record	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	captives	captive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux:pass	_	_
32	unmercifully	unmercifully	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	parataxis	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
37	with	with	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **receive** | past | this raid | the name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hoa** *in a quote* |  | Kalae |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pound** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  | the forehead |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent on forehead=Trajectory |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the records |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **beat** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | the captives |  |  |  | on captives's heads with war clubs; unmercifully *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Instrument on head=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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