---
title: The king, surrounded by his bodyguard of royal chiefs, watched the s… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The king, surrounded by his bodyguard of royal chiefs, watched the splendid array of warriors as they hastened to surprise the Maui warriors. Who acts: king, waters. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 157

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The king, surrounded by his bodyguard of royal chiefs, watched the splendid array of warriors as they hastened to surprise the Maui warriors.

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**Who acts:** king, waters · **What happens:** surround, watch, hasten, surprise · **To what, where:** king, splendid array, Maui warriors

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, waters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:157
# text = The king, surrounded by his bodyguard of royal chiefs, watched the splendid array of warriors as they hastened to surprise the Maui warriors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	bodyguard	bodyguard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	array	array	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hastened	hasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	surprise	surprise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Maui	Maui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle |  | the king *not said here* |  |  |  | king's bodyguard of royal chiefs *obl:agent* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **watch** | past | the king | the splendid array of warriors |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent array=Theme |
| 3 | **hasten** | past | waters *= water* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **surprise** | to-infinitive | waters *= water* *not said here* | the Maui warriors |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus warrior=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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