---
title: Often the beginning of a battle would be delayed by a series of sing… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Often the beginning of a battle would be delayed by a series of single conflicts between challenging chiefs, as in the days of European knight-errantry. Who acts: series. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 176

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Often the beginning of a battle would be delayed by a series of single conflicts between challenging chiefs, as in the days of European knight-errantry.

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**Who acts:** series · **What happens:** delay, begin · **To what, where:** beginning, battle

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (series), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:176
# text = Often the beginning of a battle would be delayed by a series of single conflicts between challenging chiefs, as in the days of European knight-errantry.
1	Often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	delayed	delay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	conflicts	conflict	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	between	between	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	challenging	challenging	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
26	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	errantry	errantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delay** | would · passive | a series of single conflicts between challenging chiefs | the beginning of a battle |  |  | day |  | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent subject=Source |
| 2 | **begin** |  |  | a battle |  |  |  |  | nom beginning «event transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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