---
title: The Hawaiians had to fight up hill or else drift down to the sand hi… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: The Hawaiians had to fight up hill or else drift down to the sand hills. Who acts: Hawaiians. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 224

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The Hawaiians had to fight up hill or else drift down to the sand hills.

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**Who acts:** Hawaiians · **What happens:** have, fight up, drift down · **To what, where:** hill, sand hills

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:224
# text = The Hawaiians had to fight up hill or else drift down to the sand hills.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Hawaiians	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	else	else	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	drift	drift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Hawaiians |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight up** | to-infinitive | the Hawaiians *not said here* | hill |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **drift down** | infinitive | the Hawaiians *not said here* |  |  | the sand hills |  | down, else *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to hill=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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