---
title: Heavy blows from war clubs and spears beat down the weapons of the s… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Heavy blows from war clubs and spears beat down the weapons of the stalwart warrior and rained blows upon his head and body. Who acts: Heavy, spears. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 23

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Heavy blows from war clubs and spears beat down the weapons of the stalwart warrior and rained blows upon his head and body.

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**Who acts:** Heavy, spears · **What happens:** blow, beat down · **To what, where:** weapons

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heavy, spears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:23
# text = Heavy blows from war clubs and spears beat down the weapons of the stalwart warrior and rained blows upon his head and body.
1	Heavy	heavy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	blows	blow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	beat	beat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	stalwart	stalwart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	rained	rain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	blows	blow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | present | Heavy |  |  |  |  | from war clubs | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from club=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **beat down** | present | spears | the weapons of the stalwart warrior |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location weapon=Theme |
| 3 | **blow** | past | spears *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon Heavy's head and body | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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