---
title: During the ensuing two years the war degenerated into a series of pe… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: During the ensuing two years the war degenerated into a series of petty raids by which he kept his wife’s brother busy marching warriors from one end of Maui to the other to repel his attacks. Who acts: Kalaniopuu, brother. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa R
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 260

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During the ensuing two years the war degenerated into a series of petty raids by which he kept his wife’s brother busy marching warriors from one end of Maui to the other to repel his attacks.

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**Who acts:** Kalaniopuu, brother · **What happens:** ensue, degenerate, keep, march, repel, attack · **To what, where:** war, series, brother, warriors, one end, attacks

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kalaniopuu, brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:260
# text = During the ensuing two years the war degenerated into a series of petty raids by which he kept his wife’s brother busy marching warriors from one end of Maui to the other to repel his attacks.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
3	ensuing	ensue	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	degenerated	degenerate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	series	series	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	petty	petty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	raids	raid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’s	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
23	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
24	marching	march	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	xcomp	_	_
25	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Maui	Maui	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	obl	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	repel	repel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ensue** | gerund |  |  |  |  | year |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **degenerate** | participle |  | the war *not said here* |  | a series of petty raids |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | past | Kalaniopuu | Kalaniopuu's wife's brother |  |  |  | by petty raids; busy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **march** | gerund | Kalaniopuu's wife's brother *not said here* | warriors |  |  | from one end of Maui | to the other | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent warrior=Theme from end=Initial\_Location to other=Destination |
| 5 | **repel** | to-infinitive | Kalaniopuu's wife's brother *not said here* | Kalaniopuu's attacks |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus attack=Experiencer |
| 7 | **attack** |  | Kalaniopuu |  |  |  |  |  | nom attack «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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