---
title: He gave the old chief a moment’s rest while he kept the surrounding… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He gave the old chief a moment’s rest while he kept the surrounding crowd at bay; then he dashed against the wall of warriors and broke it down. Who acts: cry. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 32

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He gave the old chief a moment’s rest while he kept the surrounding crowd at bay; then he dashed against the wall of warriors and broke it down.

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**Who acts:** cry · **What happens:** give, keep, dash, break down · **To what, where:** old chief, surrounding crowd, bay, wall, crowd

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:32
# text = He gave the old chief a moment’s rest while he kept the surrounding crowd at bay; then he dashed against the wall of warriors and broke it down.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	’s	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
10	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	bay	bay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
20	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	dashed	dash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
22	against	against	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	down	down	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | cry | the old chief |  |  |  | a moment's rest *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent chief=Recipient rest=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | past | cry | the surrounding crowd |  | bay |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent crowd=Theme at bay=Location |
| 3 | **dash** | past | cry |  |  | the wall of warriors | then |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against wall=Trajectory |
| 4 | **break down** | past | cry *not said here* | crowd |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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