---
title: Turning, he caught the old chief and aided him in hurried retreat, w… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Turning, he caught the old chief and aided him in hurried retreat, while his terrible war club played with lightning strokes against his foes. Who acts: cry. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 33

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Turning, he caught the old chief and aided him in hurried retreat, while his terrible war club played with lightning strokes against his foes.

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**Who acts:** cry · **What happens:** turn, catch, aid, hurry, play · **To what, where:** old chief, cry, hurried retreat, terrible war club

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:33
# text = Turning, he caught the old chief and aided him in hurried retreat, while his terrible war club played with lightning strokes against his foes.
1	Turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	aided	aid	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	hurried	hurry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
17	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	_
20	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	strokes	stroke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | gerund | cry *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **catch** | past | cry | the old chief |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme |
| 3 | **aid** | past | cry *not said here* |  | cry | hurried retreat |  | cry's terrible war club *parataxis* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **hurry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **play** | participle |  | cry's terrible war club *not said here* |  |  |  | with lightning strokes against cry's foes | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with stroke=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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