---
title: He cheered them and encouraged them to prepare for new endeavours. — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: He cheered them and encouraged them to prepare for new endeavours. Who acts: king, love. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 49

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He cheered them and encouraged them to prepare for new endeavours.

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**Who acts:** king, love · **What happens:** cheer, encourage, prepare · **To what, where:** love

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, love), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:49
# text = He cheered them and encouraged them to prepare for new endeavours.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	prepare	prepare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	endeavours	endeavour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | past | king | love |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 2 | **encourage** | past | king *not said here* | love |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **prepare** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | love *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for new endeavours | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for endeavour=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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