---
title: They made offerings to their gods, Hia and Lauhuki, of bark and leav… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: They made offerings to their gods, Hia and Lauhuki, of bark and leaves, with the prayer that the bark might be easily manufactured into the finest cloth. Who acts: makers, prayer. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 64

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They made offerings to their gods, Hia and Lauhuki, of bark and leaves, with the prayer that the bark might be easily manufactured into the finest cloth.

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**Who acts:** makers, prayer · **What happens:** make, leave, manufacture · **To what, where:** offerings, prayer, bark, finest cloth

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (makers, prayer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:64
# text = They made offerings to their gods, Hia and Lauhuki, of bark and leaves, with the prayer that the bark might be easily manufactured into the finest cloth.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Hia	Hia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	Lauhuki	Lauhuki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
25	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
27	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	finest	fine	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	30	amod	_	_
30	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | makers *= maker* | offerings |  |  |  | to makers's gods; of bark | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset offering=Product |
| 2 | **leave** | present | makers *= maker* *not said here* | the prayer |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Theme |
| 3 | **manufacture** | might · passive | the prayer *not said here* | the bark |  | the finest cloth |  | easily *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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