---
title: Every taro field was carefully cultivated, and prayers offered and s… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Every taro field was carefully cultivated, and prayers offered and sacrifices made to the hideous images of gods placed at some corner of each field to watch over the growing plants. Who acts: prayers. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment, with its depe
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Alapa Regiment, sentence 67

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Every taro field was carefully cultivated, and prayers offered and sacrifices made to the hideous images of gods placed at some corner of each field to watch over the growing plants.

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**Who acts:** prayers · **What happens:** cultivate, offer, make, place, watch, grow · **To what, where:** taro field, sacrifices, gods, corner, growing plants

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Alapa Regiment. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prayers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:14:67
# text = Every taro field was carefully cultivated, and prayers offered and sacrifices made to the hideous images of gods placed at some corner of each field to watch over the growing plants.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	taro	taro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	cultivated	cultivate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sacrifices	sacrifice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	hideous	hideous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	26	det	_	_
26	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	advcl	_	_
29	over	over	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	amod	_	_
32	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cultivate** | past · passive |  | every taro field |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **offer** | past | prayers | sacrifices |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent sacrifice=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | sacrifices *not said here* |  |  |  | to the hideous images of gods | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **place** | participle |  | gods *not said here* |  | some corner of each field |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at corner=Destination |
| 5 | **watch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the growing plants |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over plant=Location |
| 6 | **grow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **image** |  |  | gods |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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