---
title: Internal troubles among the chiefs of the island of Hawaii had arise… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: Internal troubles among the chiefs of the island of Hawaii had arisen in connection with the destruction of the Alapa chiefs and Ka-meha-meha’s ascent to rulership. Who acts: Internal troubles. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782, with its d
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782, sentence 21

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Internal troubles among the chiefs of the island of Hawaii had arisen in connection with the destruction of the Alapa chiefs and Ka-meha-meha’s ascent to rulership.

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**Who acts:** Internal troubles · **What happens:** arise, destroy · **To what, where:** connection, Alapa chiefs

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, In the Days of Kahahana, 1782. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Internal troubles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:15:21
# text = Internal troubles among the chiefs of the island of Hawaii had arisen in connection with the destruction of the Alapa chiefs and Ka-meha-meha’s ascent to rulership.
1	Internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	arisen	arise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Alapa	Alapa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Ka	Ka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	meha	meha	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	23	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	meha	meha	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	29	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	ascent	ascent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	rulership	rulership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past · perfect | Internal troubles among the chiefs of the island of Hawaii |  |  | connection with the destruction of the Alapa chiefs and Ka's meha ascent to rulership |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in connection=Location |
| 2 | **destroy** |  |  | the Alapa chiefs |  |  |  |  | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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