---
title: They had often faced danger and returned chanting victory. — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: They had often faced danger and returned chanting victory. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 18

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They had often faced danger and returned chanting victory.

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**What happens:** face, return, chant · **To what, where:** warriors, victory

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:16:18
# text = They had often faced danger and returned chanting victory.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	faced	face	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	chanting	chant	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
9	victory	victory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | past · perfect · passive |  | warriors *= warrior* |  |  |  | danger *xcomp*; often *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **return** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **chant** | gerund |  | victory |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victory=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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