---
title: When free from all chance of interference they encouraged each other… — Hawaiian Historical Legends · tree and pragmatics
description: When free from all chance of interference they encouraged each other to undertake an expedition, as Fornander says, “on their own account and inflict what damage they could.” Who acts: men, Fornander, interference. A sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu, w
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/22/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Hawaiian Historical Legends](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/) / [The Eight of Oahu](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/) / 22

# Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Eight of Oahu, sentence 22

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When free from all chance of interference they encouraged each other to undertake an expedition, as Fornander says, “on their own account and inflict what damage they could.”

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** men, Fornander, interference · **What happens:** encourage, undertake, say, inflict, chance, account · **To what, where:** each, chance, expedition, damage · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Eight of Oahu. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, Fornander, interference), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66357:16:22
# text = When free from all chance of interference they encouraged each other to undertake an expedition, as Fornander says, “on their own account and inflict what damage they could.”
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	encouraged	encourage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	9	obj	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	fixed	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	undertake	undertake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	expedition	expedition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	Fornander	Fornander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	ccomp	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	inflict	inflict	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
28	what	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	29	det	_	_
29	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encourage** | past | men *= man* | each |  | all chance of interference |  |  | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent each=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **undertake** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | men *= man* *not said here* | a expedition |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent expedition=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Fornander |  |  |  |  | men's own account *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **inflict** *in a quote* | present | Fornander *not said here* | what damage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **chance** |  | interference |  |  |  |  |  | nom chance «state intransitive»: of=agent |
| 7 | **account** *in a quote* |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/21/)
- next →: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/23/)
- ↑ back to [The Eight of Oahu](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/16/)